July 7, 1119 – September 14, 1164 was the 75th emperor of Japan,[Imperial Household Agency ( Kunaichō): 崇徳天皇 (75)] according to the traditional order of succession.[Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 80.]
Sutoku's reign spanned the years from Heian period.[Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 181-185; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 322–324; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 204–205.]
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his
imina)
[Brown, pp. 264. Up] was Akihito (顕仁).
[Titsingh, p. 181; Brown, p. 322; Varley, p. 204.] Sutoku was the eldest son of
Emperor Toba. Some old texts say he was instead the son of Toba's grandfather, Emperor Shirakawa.
-
Chūgū: Fujiwara no Kiyoko (藤原 聖子) later Kōkamon'in (皇嘉門院), Fujiwara no Tadamichi's daughter
-
Hyounosuke-no-Tsubone (兵衛佐局), Minamoto no Masamune's adopted daughter
-
First son: Imperial 重仁親王 (1140–1162).
-
Mikawa-dono (三河), Minamoto no Morotsune's daughter
-
Fifth Son: Kakue (覚恵; 1151–1184)
-
Karasuma-no-Tsubone (烏丸局)
Events of Sutoku's life
-
February 25, 1123 ( Hōan 4, 28th day of the 1st month): In the 16th year of Emperor Toba's reign (鳥羽天皇二十五年), he abdicated; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by his son, aged 3.
[Brown, p. 322; Varley, p. 44. A]
-
Hōan 4, in the 2nd month (1123): Emperor Sutoku is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).
[Titsingh, p. 182; Varley, p. 44.]
-
1124 ( Tenji 1, 2nd month): Former-Emperor Shirakawa and former-Emperor Toba went in carriages to outside the city where they could all together enjoy contemplating the flowers. Taiken-mon'in (? – August 26, 1145) (formerly Fujiwara no Shōshi), who was Toba's empress and Sutoku's mother, joined the procession along with many other women of the court. Their cortege was brilliant and colorful. A great many men of the court in hunting clothes followed the ladies in this parade. Fujiwara no Tadamichi then followed in a carriage, accompanied by bands of musicians and women who were to sing for the emperors.
[Titsingh, p. 182; Varley, p. 204.]
-
1124 ( Tenji 1, 10th month): Shirakawa visited Mount Kōya.
[Titsingh, p. 182.]
-
1125 ( Tenji 2, 10th month): The emperor visited Iwashimizu Shrine and the Kamo Shrines; and afterwards, he also visited the shrines Hirano Shrine, Ōharano, Matsunoo Shrine, Kitano, Yasaka Shrine and several others.
-
1128 ( Daiji 3, 3rd month): Taiken-mon'in ordered the construction of Enshō-ji in fulfillment of a sacred vow.
[Titsigh, p. 185.] This was one in a series of "sacred vow temples" ( gogan-ji) built by imperial command following a precedent established by Emperor Shirakawa's Hosshō-ji.[Varley, p. 200. (The six gogan-ji) "superiority" temples were: 1. Hosshō-ji (Superiority of Buddhist Law); 2. Sonshō-ji (Superiority of Worship); 3. Saishō-ji (Most Superior); 4. Enshō-ji (Superiority of Perfection); 5. Jōshō-ji (Superiority of Becoming); 6. Enshō-ji (Superiority of Duration).]]
-
1128 ( Daiji 3, 6th month): Fujiwara no Tadamichi is relieved of his responsibilities and duties as sesshō (regent); and simultaneously, Tadamichi is named kampaku.
-
August 17, 1135 ( Hōen 1, 7th day of the 7th month): Former-Emperor Shirakawa died at the age of 77.
-
1141 ( Eiji 1, 3rd month): The former emperor Toba accepted the tonsure in becoming a monk at the age of 39.
In 1151, Sutoku ordered Waka imperial anthology Shika Wakashū.
In 1156, after being defeated by forces loyal to Emperor Go-Shirakawa in the Hōgen Rebellion, he was to Sanuki Province (modern-day Kagawa prefecture on the island of Shikoku).
Emperor Sutoku's reign lasted for 19 years: 2 years in the nengō Tenji, 5 years in Daiji, 1 year in 'Tenshō, 3 years in Chōshō, 6 years in Hōen, and 1 year in Eiji.
The site of Sutoku's grave is settled.
The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Sutoku's mausoleum. It is formally named Shiramine no misasagi.[Ponsonby-Fane, p. 419.]
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-
Meiji period eras.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Sutoku's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
-
Sesshō, Fujiwara no Tadamichi, 1097–1164.
[Brown, p. 323.]
-
Daijō-daijin, Fujiwara no Tadamichi.
-
Sadaijin
-
Udaijin
-
Nadaijin, Fujiwara no Yorinaga, 1120–1156.
-
Dainagon
Eras of Sutoku's reign
The years of Sutoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or
nengō.
[Titsingh, pp. 181-185; Brown, p. 323.]
-
Hōan (1120–1124)
-
Tenji (1124–1126)
-
Daiji (1126–1131)
-
Tenshō (1131–1132)
-
Chōshō (1132–1135)
-
Hōen (1135–1141)
-
Eiji (1141–1142)
Legends
After Sutoku's abdication and exile, he devoted himself to monastic life. He copied numerous scriptures and offered them to the court. Fearing that the scriptures were cursed, the court refused to accept them.
[Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1963). Vicissitudes of Shinto, p. 99.] Snubbed, Sutoku was said to have resented the court and, upon his death, became an . Everything from the subsequent fall in fortune of the Imperial court, the rise of the samurai powers, droughts and internal unrests were blamed on his haunting.
Along with Sugawara no Michizane and Taira no Masakado, he is often called one of the “”.
Literary works from the Edo period such as and and ukiyo-e paintings by Utagawa Yoshitsuya depict Emperor Sutoku as an .
In 2023, the heavy metal band Onmyo-Za produced the song , about Emperor Sutoku as a .
Ancestry
See also
Notes
